C25h E 2 C25 2 C25^2 2 C25^3 2 C25^4 2 C5 2 C25^6 2 C25^7 2 C25^8 2 C25^9 2 C5^2 2 C25^11 2 C25^12 sh 2 S25 2 S25^3 2 S5 2 S25^7 2 S25^9 2 S25^11 2 S25^13 2 S5^3 2 S25^17 2 S25^19 2 S25^21 2 S25^23 <R> <p> <—d—> <——f——> <———g———> <————h————> <—————i—————> A' 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 ..T ... ....T ....... ........T ........... ............T A" 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 ... ..T ..... ......T ......... ..........T ............. E1' * 2.00000 1.93717 1.75261 1.45794 1.07165 0.61803 0.12558 -0.37476 -0.85156 -1.27485 -1.61803 -1.85955 -1.98423 2.00000 1.93717 1.45794 0.61803 -0.37476 -1.27485 -1.85955 -1.98423 -1.61803 -0.85156 0.12558 1.07165 1.75261 ... TT. ..... ....TT. ......... ........TT. ............. E1" * 2.00000 1.93717 1.75261 1.45794 1.07165 0.61803 0.12558 -0.37476 -0.85156 -1.27485 -1.61803 -1.85955 -1.98423 -2.00000 -1.93717 -1.45794 -0.61803 0.37476 1.27485 1.85955 1.98423 1.61803 0.85156 -0.12558 -1.07165 -1.75261 TT. ... ..TT. ....... ......TT. ........... ..........TT. E2' * 2.00000 1.75261 1.07165 0.12558 -0.85156 -1.61803 -1.98423 -1.85955 -1.27485 -0.37476 0.61803 1.45794 1.93717 2.00000 1.75261 0.12558 -1.61803 -1.85955 -0.37476 1.45794 1.93717 0.61803 -1.27485 -1.98423 -0.85156 1.07165 ... ... TT... ....... ....TT... ........... ........TT... E2" * 2.00000 1.75261 1.07165 0.12558 -0.85156 -1.61803 -1.98423 -1.85955 -1.27485 -0.37476 0.61803 1.45794 1.93717 -2.00000 -1.75261 -0.12558 1.61803 1.85955 0.37476 -1.45794 -1.93717 -0.61803 1.27485 1.98423 0.85156 -1.07165 ... ... ..... ..TT... ......... ......TT... ............. E3' * 2.00000 1.45794 0.12558 -1.27485 -1.98423 -1.61803 -0.37476 1.07165 1.93717 1.75261 0.61803 -0.85156 -1.85955 2.00000 1.45794 -1.27485 -1.61803 1.07165 1.75261 -0.85156 -1.85955 0.61803 1.93717 -0.37476 -1.98423 0.12558 ... ... ..... TT..... ......... ....TT..... ............. E3" * 2.00000 1.45794 0.12558 -1.27485 -1.98423 -1.61803 -0.37476 1.07165 1.93717 1.75261 0.61803 -0.85156 -1.85955 -2.00000 -1.45794 1.27485 1.61803 -1.07165 -1.75261 0.85156 1.85955 -0.61803 -1.93717 0.37476 1.98423 -0.12558 ... ... ..... ....... ..TT..... ........... ......TT..... E4' * 2.00000 1.07165 -0.85156 -1.98423 -1.27485 0.61803 1.93717 1.45794 -0.37476 -1.85955 -1.61803 0.12558 1.75261 2.00000 1.07165 -1.98423 0.61803 1.45794 -1.85955 0.12558 1.75261 -1.61803 -0.37476 1.93717 -1.27485 -0.85156 ... ... ..... ....... TT....... ........... ....TT....... E4" * 2.00000 1.07165 -0.85156 -1.98423 -1.27485 0.61803 1.93717 1.45794 -0.37476 -1.85955 -1.61803 0.12558 1.75261 -2.00000 -1.07165 1.98423 -0.61803 -1.45794 1.85955 -0.12558 -1.75261 1.61803 0.37476 -1.93717 1.27485 0.85156 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ..TT....... ............. E5' * 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 ... ... ..... ....... ......... TT......... ............. E5" * 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -2.00000 -0.61803 1.61803 -2.00000 1.61803 -0.61803 -0.61803 1.61803 -2.00000 1.61803 -0.61803 -0.61803 1.61803 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ..TT......... E6' * 2.00000 0.12558 -1.98423 -0.37476 1.93717 0.61803 -1.85955 -0.85156 1.75261 1.07165 -1.61803 -1.27485 1.45794 2.00000 0.12558 -0.37476 0.61803 -0.85156 1.07165 -1.27485 1.45794 -1.61803 1.75261 -1.85955 1.93717 -1.98423 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... TT........... E6" * 2.00000 0.12558 -1.98423 -0.37476 1.93717 0.61803 -1.85955 -0.85156 1.75261 1.07165 -1.61803 -1.27485 1.45794 -2.00000 -0.12558 0.37476 -0.61803 0.85156 -1.07165 1.27485 -1.45794 1.61803 -1.75261 1.85955 -1.93717 1.98423 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E7' * 2.00000 -0.37476 -1.85955 1.07165 1.45794 -1.61803 -0.85156 1.93717 0.12558 -1.98423 0.61803 1.75261 -1.27485 2.00000 -0.37476 1.07165 -1.61803 1.93717 -1.98423 1.75261 -1.27485 0.61803 0.12558 -0.85156 1.45794 -1.85955 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E7" * 2.00000 -0.37476 -1.85955 1.07165 1.45794 -1.61803 -0.85156 1.93717 0.12558 -1.98423 0.61803 1.75261 -1.27485 -2.00000 0.37476 -1.07165 1.61803 -1.93717 1.98423 -1.75261 1.27485 -0.61803 -0.12558 0.85156 -1.45794 1.85955 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E8' * 2.00000 -0.85156 -1.27485 1.93717 -0.37476 -1.61803 1.75261 0.12558 -1.85955 1.45794 0.61803 -1.98423 1.07165 2.00000 -0.85156 1.93717 -1.61803 0.12558 1.45794 -1.98423 1.07165 0.61803 -1.85955 1.75261 -0.37476 -1.27485 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E8" * 2.00000 -0.85156 -1.27485 1.93717 -0.37476 -1.61803 1.75261 0.12558 -1.85955 1.45794 0.61803 -1.98423 1.07165 -2.00000 0.85156 -1.93717 1.61803 -0.12558 -1.45794 1.98423 -1.07165 -0.61803 1.85955 -1.75261 0.37476 1.27485 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E9' * 2.00000 -1.27485 -0.37476 1.75261 -1.85955 0.61803 1.07165 -1.98423 1.45794 0.12558 -1.61803 1.93717 -0.85156 2.00000 -1.27485 1.75261 0.61803 -1.98423 0.12558 1.93717 -0.85156 -1.61803 1.45794 1.07165 -1.85955 -0.37476 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E9" * 2.00000 -1.27485 -0.37476 1.75261 -1.85955 0.61803 1.07165 -1.98423 1.45794 0.12558 -1.61803 1.93717 -0.85156 -2.00000 1.27485 -1.75261 -0.61803 1.98423 -0.12558 -1.93717 0.85156 1.61803 -1.45794 -1.07165 1.85955 0.37476 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E10' * 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E10" * 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 -2.00000 1.61803 -0.61803 -2.00000 -0.61803 1.61803 1.61803 -0.61803 -2.00000 -0.61803 1.61803 1.61803 -0.61803 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E11' * 2.00000 -1.85955 1.45794 -0.85156 0.12558 0.61803 -1.27485 1.75261 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.61803 1.07165 -0.37476 2.00000 -1.85955 -0.85156 0.61803 1.75261 1.93717 1.07165 -0.37476 -1.61803 -1.98423 -1.27485 0.12558 1.45794 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E11" * 2.00000 -1.85955 1.45794 -0.85156 0.12558 0.61803 -1.27485 1.75261 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.61803 1.07165 -0.37476 -2.00000 1.85955 0.85156 -0.61803 -1.75261 -1.93717 -1.07165 0.37476 1.61803 1.98423 1.27485 -0.12558 -1.45794 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E12' * 2.00000 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.85955 1.75261 -1.61803 1.45794 -1.27485 1.07165 -0.85156 0.61803 -0.37476 0.12558 2.00000 -1.98423 -1.85955 -1.61803 -1.27485 -0.85156 -0.37476 0.12558 0.61803 1.07165 1.45794 1.75261 1.93717 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E12" * 2.00000 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.85955 1.75261 -1.61803 1.45794 -1.27485 1.07165 -0.85156 0.61803 -0.37476 0.12558 -2.00000 1.98423 1.85955 1.61803 1.27485 0.85156 0.37476 -0.12558 -0.61803 -1.07165 -1.45794 -1.75261 -1.93717 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. Irrational character values: 1.984229402629 = 2*cos(2*π/50) = 2*cos(π/25) 1.937166322257 = 2*cos(4*π/50) = 2*cos(2*π/25) 1.859552971777 = 2*cos(6*π/50) = 2*cos(3*π/25) 1.752613360088 = 2*cos(8*π/50) = 2*cos(4*π/25) 1.618033988750 = 2*cos(10*π/50) = 2*cos(π/5) = (√5+1)/2 1.457937254843 = 2*cos(12*π/50) = 2*cos(6*π/25) 1.274847979497 = 2*cos(14*π/50) = 2*cos(7*π/25) 1.071653589958 = 2*cos(16*π/50) = 2*cos(8*π/25) 0.851558583130 = 2*cos(18*π/50) = 2*cos(9*π/25) 0.618033988750 = 2*cos(20*π/50) = 2*cos(2*π/5) = (√5−1)/2 0.374762629171 = 2*cos(22*π/50) = 2*cos(11*π/25) 0.125581039059 = 2*cos(24*π/50) = 2*cos(12*π/25) Symmetry of Rotations and Cartesian products A' R+d+g+i+k+m Rz, z2, z4, z6 A" p+f+h+j+l z, z3, z5 E1' p+f+h+j+l {x, y}, {xz2, yz2}, {xz4, yz4} E1" R+d+g+i+k+m {Rx, Ry}, {xz, yz}, {xz3, yz3}, {xz5, yz5} E2' d+g+i+k+m {x2−y2, xy}, {z2(x2−y2), xyz2}, {z4(x2−y2), xyz4} E2" f+h+j+l {z(x2−y2), xyz}, {z3(x2−y2), xyz3} E3' f+h+j+l {x(x2−3y2), y(3x2−y2)}, {xz2(x2−3y2), yz2(3x2−y2)} E3" g+i+k+m {xz(x2−3y2), yz(3x2−y2)}, {xz3(x2−3y2), yz3(3x2−y2)} E4' g+i+k+m {(x2−y2)2−4x2y2, xy(x2−y2)}, {z2((x2−y2)2−4x2y2), xyz2(x2−y2)} E4" h+j+l {z((x2−y2)2−4x2y2), xyz(x2−y2)} E5' h+j+l {x(x2−(5+2√5)y2)(x2−(5−2√5)y2), y((5+2√5)x2−y2)((5−2√5)x2−y2)} E5" i+k+m {xz(x2−(5+2√5)y2)(x2−(5−2√5)y2), yz((5+2√5)x2−y2)((5−2√5)x2−y2)} E6' i+k+m {x2(x2−3y2)2−y2(3x2−y2)2, xy(x2−3y2)(3x2−y2)} E6" j+l E7' j+l E7" k+m E8' k+m E8" l E9' l E9" m E10' m Notes: α The order of the C25h point group is 50, and the order of the principal axis (S25) is 50. The group has 26 irreducible representations. β The C25h point group could also be named S25, as it contains the S25 axis as its only symmetry element. Another rare designation is C50i because the S25 axis is identical to a roto-inversion axis of order 50. γ The C25h point group is isomorphic to C50 and S50. δ The C25h point group is generated by one single symmetry element, S25. Therefore, it is a cyclic group. The canonical choice, however, is to use redundant generators: C25 and σh. ε The lowest nonvanishing multipole moment in C25h is 4 (quadrupole moment). ζ This is an Abelian point group (the commutative law holds between all symmetry operations). The C25h group is Abelian because it contains only one symmetry element, all the powers of which necessarily commute (sufficient condition). In Abelian groups, all symmetry operations form a class of their own, and all irreducible representations are one-dimensional. η Because the group is Abelian and the maximum order of rotation is >2, some irreducible representations have complex characters. These 48 cases have been combined into 24 two-dimensional representations that are no longer irreducible but have real-valued characters. Accordingly, 24 pairs of left and right rotations have been combined into one two-membered pseudo-class each. θ The 24 reducible “E” representations almost behave like true irreducible representations. Their norm, however, is twice the group order. Therefore, they have been marked with an asterisk in the table. This is essential when trying to decompose a reducible representation into “irreducible” ones using the familiar projection formula. ι Some of the characters in the table are irrational because the order of the principal axis is neither 1,2,3,4 nor 6. These irrational values can be expressed as cosine values, or as solutions of algebraic equations with a leading coefficient of 1. All characters are algebraic integers of a degree much less than half the order of the principal axis. For this group, however, some of the irrational characters cannot be expressed by a closed algebraic form using real numbers only.
| C23h | ||
| C24h | ||
| C25 C25v | C25h | D25 D25h D25d |
| C26h | ||
| C27h |
This Character Table for the C25h point group was created by Gernot Katzer.
For other groups and some explanations, see the Main Page.