D25d E 2 C25 2 C25^2 2 C25^3 2 C25^4 2 C5 2 C25^6 2 C25^7 2 C25^8 2 C25^9 2 C5^2 2 C25^11 2 C25^12 25 C2' i 2 S50 2 S50^3 2 S10 2 S50^7 2 S50^9 2 S50^11 2 S50^13 2 S10^3 2 S50^17 2 S50^19 2 S50^21 2 S50^23 25 sd <R> <p> <—d—> <——f——> <———g———> <————h————> <—————i—————> A1g 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 ... ... ....T ....... ........T ........... ............T A2g 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000 ..T ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E1g 2.00000 1.93717 1.75261 1.45794 1.07165 0.61803 0.12558 -0.37476 -0.85156 -1.27485 -1.61803 -1.85955 -1.98423 0.00000 2.00000 -1.98423 -1.85955 -1.61803 -1.27485 -0.85156 -0.37476 0.12558 0.61803 1.07165 1.45794 1.75261 1.93717 0.00000 TT. ... ..TT. ....... ......TT. ........... ..........TT. E2g 2.00000 1.75261 1.07165 0.12558 -0.85156 -1.61803 -1.98423 -1.85955 -1.27485 -0.37476 0.61803 1.45794 1.93717 0.00000 2.00000 1.93717 1.45794 0.61803 -0.37476 -1.27485 -1.85955 -1.98423 -1.61803 -0.85156 0.12558 1.07165 1.75261 0.00000 ... ... TT... ....... ....TT... ........... ........TT... E3g 2.00000 1.45794 0.12558 -1.27485 -1.98423 -1.61803 -0.37476 1.07165 1.93717 1.75261 0.61803 -0.85156 -1.85955 0.00000 2.00000 -1.85955 -0.85156 0.61803 1.75261 1.93717 1.07165 -0.37476 -1.61803 -1.98423 -1.27485 0.12558 1.45794 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ..TT..... ........... ......TT..... E4g 2.00000 1.07165 -0.85156 -1.98423 -1.27485 0.61803 1.93717 1.45794 -0.37476 -1.85955 -1.61803 0.12558 1.75261 0.00000 2.00000 1.75261 0.12558 -1.61803 -1.85955 -0.37476 1.45794 1.93717 0.61803 -1.27485 -1.98423 -0.85156 1.07165 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... TT....... ........... ....TT....... E5g 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 0.00000 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ..TT......... E6g 2.00000 0.12558 -1.98423 -0.37476 1.93717 0.61803 -1.85955 -0.85156 1.75261 1.07165 -1.61803 -1.27485 1.45794 0.00000 2.00000 1.45794 -1.27485 -1.61803 1.07165 1.75261 -0.85156 -1.85955 0.61803 1.93717 -0.37476 -1.98423 0.12558 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... TT........... E7g 2.00000 -0.37476 -1.85955 1.07165 1.45794 -1.61803 -0.85156 1.93717 0.12558 -1.98423 0.61803 1.75261 -1.27485 0.00000 2.00000 -1.27485 1.75261 0.61803 -1.98423 0.12558 1.93717 -0.85156 -1.61803 1.45794 1.07165 -1.85955 -0.37476 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E8g 2.00000 -0.85156 -1.27485 1.93717 -0.37476 -1.61803 1.75261 0.12558 -1.85955 1.45794 0.61803 -1.98423 1.07165 0.00000 2.00000 1.07165 -1.98423 0.61803 1.45794 -1.85955 0.12558 1.75261 -1.61803 -0.37476 1.93717 -1.27485 -0.85156 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E9g 2.00000 -1.27485 -0.37476 1.75261 -1.85955 0.61803 1.07165 -1.98423 1.45794 0.12558 -1.61803 1.93717 -0.85156 0.00000 2.00000 -0.85156 1.93717 -1.61803 0.12558 1.45794 -1.98423 1.07165 0.61803 -1.85955 1.75261 -0.37476 -1.27485 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E10g 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.00000 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E11g 2.00000 -1.85955 1.45794 -0.85156 0.12558 0.61803 -1.27485 1.75261 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.61803 1.07165 -0.37476 0.00000 2.00000 -0.37476 1.07165 -1.61803 1.93717 -1.98423 1.75261 -1.27485 0.61803 0.12558 -0.85156 1.45794 -1.85955 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E12g 2.00000 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.85955 1.75261 -1.61803 1.45794 -1.27485 1.07165 -0.85156 0.61803 -0.37476 0.12558 0.00000 2.00000 0.12558 -0.37476 0.61803 -0.85156 1.07165 -1.27485 1.45794 -1.61803 1.75261 -1.85955 1.93717 -1.98423 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. A1u 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. A2u 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 -1.00000 1.00000 ... ..T ..... ......T ......... ..........T ............. E1u 2.00000 1.93717 1.75261 1.45794 1.07165 0.61803 0.12558 -0.37476 -0.85156 -1.27485 -1.61803 -1.85955 -1.98423 0.00000 -2.00000 1.98423 1.85955 1.61803 1.27485 0.85156 0.37476 -0.12558 -0.61803 -1.07165 -1.45794 -1.75261 -1.93717 0.00000 ... TT. ..... ....TT. ......... ........TT. ............. E2u 2.00000 1.75261 1.07165 0.12558 -0.85156 -1.61803 -1.98423 -1.85955 -1.27485 -0.37476 0.61803 1.45794 1.93717 0.00000 -2.00000 -1.93717 -1.45794 -0.61803 0.37476 1.27485 1.85955 1.98423 1.61803 0.85156 -0.12558 -1.07165 -1.75261 0.00000 ... ... ..... ..TT... ......... ......TT... ............. E3u 2.00000 1.45794 0.12558 -1.27485 -1.98423 -1.61803 -0.37476 1.07165 1.93717 1.75261 0.61803 -0.85156 -1.85955 0.00000 -2.00000 1.85955 0.85156 -0.61803 -1.75261 -1.93717 -1.07165 0.37476 1.61803 1.98423 1.27485 -0.12558 -1.45794 0.00000 ... ... ..... TT..... ......... ....TT..... ............. E4u 2.00000 1.07165 -0.85156 -1.98423 -1.27485 0.61803 1.93717 1.45794 -0.37476 -1.85955 -1.61803 0.12558 1.75261 0.00000 -2.00000 -1.75261 -0.12558 1.61803 1.85955 0.37476 -1.45794 -1.93717 -0.61803 1.27485 1.98423 0.85156 -1.07165 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ..TT....... ............. E5u 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 -1.61803 0.61803 2.00000 0.61803 -1.61803 0.00000 -2.00000 1.61803 -0.61803 -2.00000 -0.61803 1.61803 1.61803 -0.61803 -2.00000 -0.61803 1.61803 1.61803 -0.61803 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... TT......... ............. E6u 2.00000 0.12558 -1.98423 -0.37476 1.93717 0.61803 -1.85955 -0.85156 1.75261 1.07165 -1.61803 -1.27485 1.45794 0.00000 -2.00000 -1.45794 1.27485 1.61803 -1.07165 -1.75261 0.85156 1.85955 -0.61803 -1.93717 0.37476 1.98423 -0.12558 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E7u 2.00000 -0.37476 -1.85955 1.07165 1.45794 -1.61803 -0.85156 1.93717 0.12558 -1.98423 0.61803 1.75261 -1.27485 0.00000 -2.00000 1.27485 -1.75261 -0.61803 1.98423 -0.12558 -1.93717 0.85156 1.61803 -1.45794 -1.07165 1.85955 0.37476 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E8u 2.00000 -0.85156 -1.27485 1.93717 -0.37476 -1.61803 1.75261 0.12558 -1.85955 1.45794 0.61803 -1.98423 1.07165 0.00000 -2.00000 -1.07165 1.98423 -0.61803 -1.45794 1.85955 -0.12558 -1.75261 1.61803 0.37476 -1.93717 1.27485 0.85156 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E9u 2.00000 -1.27485 -0.37476 1.75261 -1.85955 0.61803 1.07165 -1.98423 1.45794 0.12558 -1.61803 1.93717 -0.85156 0.00000 -2.00000 0.85156 -1.93717 1.61803 -0.12558 -1.45794 1.98423 -1.07165 -0.61803 1.85955 -1.75261 0.37476 1.27485 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E10u 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.61803 -1.61803 2.00000 -1.61803 0.61803 0.00000 -2.00000 -0.61803 1.61803 -2.00000 1.61803 -0.61803 -0.61803 1.61803 -2.00000 1.61803 -0.61803 -0.61803 1.61803 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E11u 2.00000 -1.85955 1.45794 -0.85156 0.12558 0.61803 -1.27485 1.75261 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.61803 1.07165 -0.37476 0.00000 -2.00000 0.37476 -1.07165 1.61803 -1.93717 1.98423 -1.75261 1.27485 -0.61803 -0.12558 0.85156 -1.45794 1.85955 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. E12u 2.00000 -1.98423 1.93717 -1.85955 1.75261 -1.61803 1.45794 -1.27485 1.07165 -0.85156 0.61803 -0.37476 0.12558 0.00000 -2.00000 -0.12558 0.37476 -0.61803 0.85156 -1.07165 1.27485 -1.45794 1.61803 -1.75261 1.85955 -1.93717 1.98423 0.00000 ... ... ..... ....... ......... ........... ............. Irrational character values: 1.984229402629 = 2*cos(2*π/50) = 2*cos(π/25) 1.937166322257 = 2*cos(4*π/50) = 2*cos(2*π/25) 1.859552971777 = 2*cos(6*π/50) = 2*cos(3*π/25) 1.752613360088 = 2*cos(8*π/50) = 2*cos(4*π/25) 1.618033988750 = 2*cos(10*π/50) = 2*cos(π/5) = (√5+1)/2 1.457937254843 = 2*cos(12*π/50) = 2*cos(6*π/25) 1.274847979497 = 2*cos(14*π/50) = 2*cos(7*π/25) 1.071653589958 = 2*cos(16*π/50) = 2*cos(8*π/25) 0.851558583130 = 2*cos(18*π/50) = 2*cos(9*π/25) 0.618033988750 = 2*cos(20*π/50) = 2*cos(2*π/5) = (√5−1)/2 0.374762629171 = 2*cos(22*π/50) = 2*cos(11*π/25) 0.125581039059 = 2*cos(24*π/50) = 2*cos(12*π/25) Symmetry of Rotations and Cartesian products A1g d+g+i+k+m z2, z4, z6 A2g R Rz E1g R+d+g+i+k+m {Rx, Ry}, {xz, yz}, {xz3, yz3}, {xz5, yz5} E2g d+g+i+k+m {x2−y2, xy}, {z2(x2−y2), xyz2}, {z4(x2−y2), xyz4} E3g g+i+k+m {xz(x2−3y2), yz(3x2−y2)}, {xz3(x2−3y2), yz3(3x2−y2)} E4g g+i+k+m {(x2−y2)2−4x2y2, xy(x2−y2)}, {z2((x2−y2)2−4x2y2), xyz2(x2−y2)} E5g i+k+m {xz(x2−(5+2√5)y2)(x2−(5−2√5)y2), yz((5+2√5)x2−y2)((5−2√5)x2−y2)} E6g i+k+m {x2(x2−3y2)2−y2(3x2−y2)2, xy(x2−3y2)(3x2−y2)} E7g k+m E8g k+m E9g m E10g m A2u p+f+h+j+l z, z3, z5 E1u p+f+h+j+l {x, y}, {xz2, yz2}, {xz4, yz4} E2u f+h+j+l {z(x2−y2), xyz}, {z3(x2−y2), xyz3} E3u f+h+j+l {x(x2−3y2), y(3x2−y2)}, {xz2(x2−3y2), yz2(3x2−y2)} E4u h+j+l {z((x2−y2)2−4x2y2), xyz(x2−y2)} E5u h+j+l {x(x2−(5+2√5)y2)(x2−(5−2√5)y2), y((5+2√5)x2−y2)((5−2√5)x2−y2)} E6u j+l E7u j+l E8u l E9u l Notes: α The order of the D25d point group is 100, and the order of the principal axis (S50) is 50. The group has 28 irreducible representations. β The D25d point group is isomorphic to D25h, C50v and D50. γ The D25d point group is generated by two symmetry elements, S50 and either a perpendicular C2′ or a vertical σd. Also, the group may be generated from a C2′ plus a σd (some pairs will yield smaller groups, though; choosing a minimum angle is safe). The canonical choice, however, is to use redundant generators: C25, C2′ and i. δ The group contains one set of C2′ symmetry axes perpendicular to the principal (z) axis. The x axis (but not the y axis) is a member of that set. Reversely, the single set of symmetry planes denoted σd contains the yz plane but not the xz plane. ε The lowest nonvanishing multipole moment in D25d is 4 (quadrupole moment). ζ This point group is non-Abelian (some symmetry operations are not commutative). Therefore, the character table contains multi-membered classes and degenerate irreducible representations. η Some of the characters in the table are irrational because the order of the principal axis is neither 1,2,3,4 nor 6. These irrational values can be expressed as cosine values, or as solutions of algebraic equations with a leading coefficient of 1. All characters are algebraic integers of a degree much less than half the order of the principal axis. For this group, however, some of the irrational characters cannot be expressed by a closed algebraic form using real numbers only.
| D23d | ||
| D24d | ||
| C25 C25v C25h D25 D25h | D25d | |
| D26d | ||
| D27d |
This Character Table for the D25d point group was created by Gernot Katzer.
For other groups and some explanations, see the Main Page.